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<strong><B>East Coast Canyons </U></strong>
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></B>Similar to West Coast<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(1) Great distance from shore<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Great depth<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Sandstorm blocks -<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Fossils labeled @ (100,000,000 cetaceans) form on type of upper artic (10,000<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">years old)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(1) Hudson River Canyon<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) 4,000 feet elevation<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(3) Gravel, shell, clay<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(4) Trench across valley<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(5) 180 miles long<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Submarine Mountain Range </U></P
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></B>Continental Drift + Gonwondedland Theories<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Mid-Atlantic Mountain Ridge<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">East of Greenland to Azores<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(10-12,000 miles long)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Some volcano peaks reach above surface<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">St. Paul's Rock<FONT size="+1"> <br>
<FONT size="+1" color="#000000"></B>Asunicion Island<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">St. Helena's Island<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Continuous thru South Atlantic and around Cope into Indian Ocean and South<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Africa graben &amp; around Cape into Pacific<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Chile and California<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Lost under California<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><strong><B>Marine Deposition </strong></U></P
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></B>Sandstone - visible to naked eye (1/16 to 2 mm) land or sea origin<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Sheet sands - scores to hundreds of miles/ marine or limestone sheet sands on<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Cape Cod deposited by currents<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Oil rich sandstone Stringers elongated lenses (oil wealth of world)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Deep Sea Sand: sand behavior salt suggests quiet water<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Graduated bedding coarse to finer<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Shale - laminated mudstone (silk and clay)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Siltstone - silt sized particles<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Clay stone- clay size particles<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Shale stone appears to be formed in shallow ?0 on central shelf<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Shelf mud deposits: mud turns to shale little stratified<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B><strong>Lagoonal Muds</strong>:</U></B> Barrier Islands -look for oil - glauconite<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">CaCo3 - oolites<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Gypsum - salt deposits<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Dillie Margin Muds:</U></B> from non-alterations of shake - mud-storms, sandstorms<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Black Shake:</U></B> fossil contents no 02<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Deep Basin Muds:</U></B> California /foraminiferous<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Limestone:</U></B> 50 calcite = dolomite<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Chalk:</U></B> fine grain, poor consolilution (lime)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Mare:</U></B> highly consolidated (Clay)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Reef Limestone:</U></B> (petroleum source)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Conglomerates: </U></B>not to broad in are probably caused by ice (ect)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Deposition Relative to Land Proximity </U></P
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></B>(1)<U><B>Neretic</U></B>: land deposition in sea<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(a) Sand: calcarenite - shelf<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(b) Clay: from a glacier to a lagoon<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Hemi pelgir: Rock floor off of river mouth - more organic as you go deeper<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Calcareous ooze: most abundant in ablantu<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(a) globergerina<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(b) pteroport<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(c) siliceous<FONT size="+1"> <br>
<FONT size="+1" color="#000000"></B>Beaches: to furthest point sand is transported by waves -bounded by dunes and<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">cliffs<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Backshore: Slopes to land<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Foreshore: slope to sea<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Offshore: always under H20<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Hook: sand spit curved<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Spit: parallel sand deportation connected to land<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Rill: H20 masses in sand<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Ripple masses: look like wall on sand<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>New England Beaches </U></P
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></B>(1) Rocky<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Sandy: (Cape &amp; South) (New Hampshire &amp; North)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(1) Rocky Beach: little sand boulders &amp; pebbles - precipitation shores<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Cape Cod: Result of Glaciations<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">10,000 years ago<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Clay, silt, &amp; gravel<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Thru bodies of H20<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(1) Atlantic Ocean: cold H20 - 6 Vi foot tide -rapid erosion - three feet per year<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">erosion<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Cape Cod Bay: warm H20 - 9-10 feet tide - deposition - wide beach<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Brewster) salt mountains<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(3) National Sound: warmest H20 - 2-4 feet tide - growth slope no dunes<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>If not beach it is because: </U></P
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></B>(1) Either precipitation<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Too flat<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Shore Composition Factors </U></P
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></B>(1) Soil<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Climate<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(3) Marine environment<FONT size="+1">