oceanography pg8.html

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<B>Types of Continental Shelf </U></P
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></B>Mostly researched in U.S. Closely related to land Geology.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(a) Irregular floor - not a true gentle slope<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(b) Deep and Irregular bays or fjords<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(c) Deep troughs &amp; shoals out to sea (troughs 100 FA +) basins are muddy<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(some sand grainy)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(d) Fishing Baness (Cool &amp; Warm H2O == food/ nutrients)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Banquerean/Nova Scotsa/ <B>50 fathoms<FONT size="+1"></B> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Grand Bank/ Newfoundland <U><B>100 fathoms </U></P
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><U>Floor from Boston Mass (East) </U></P
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></B>Mass Bay - Stelluragian Bank - Sand Ridge - Geoges Banks - (Possible Breakers) -<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">gradual shelf to 60 fathoms than shelf duplins greater<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) <U><B>Shelf With Elongated Sand Bank &amp; Depressions</U></P
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></B>Usually smooth and sandy and flat (Cape Cod) New Jersey Note: At points<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">irregular of gravel beds<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Shifty of Nantucket Shoals (Ship graveyard) (North Sea North of the English<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">channel/ Themes Estuary)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(3) <U><B>Shelves with strong current actions </U></P
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></B>Straits of Florida (Narrow nick of the Gulf Stream (1 mile from shore only) Palm<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Beach)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(a) Sand, gravel &amp; worn shells<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(b) Deep holes at Bay Mouth - golden entrance @ 64fathoms - Banrgo<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Strait entrance to Tokyo Bay 230 fathoms. Poor Japanese defenses to<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">US subs during WWII<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(4)<U><B> Shelves Bordering Deltas</U></P
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></B>Mississippi River-Bird foot delta (23,36, &amp; 50 Fathoms)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Indus Delta (50 fathoms)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Niger Delta - Bends Seaward<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(a) Sediment is mostly muddy (high clay content if sand it is meca - more<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">easily transported<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(b) Largest Rivers have mud than a sand border to seaward<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Orinoco<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Amazon<br>
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Yukon<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">South East Asia<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Whang Ho<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Sediment Size and Deposition Theory is Refuted </U></P
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></B>(5) Smooth Shelf- Sediment size diminishes seaward - thought to be the typical<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">type particles get finer and finer as you go further out to sea.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Arkansas Pass (Central Texas)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Sand<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Mud<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Shells - forams<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Globigerina ooze<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(6) <U><B>Shelf with Salt Dome Shells:</U></P
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></B>Mississippi Delta - Gulf of Mexico<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(1 mile diameter possible) trough or mountain surrounds - lime/coral on top<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Dome stands above shelf<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Economic Interest:</U></P
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></B>Texas and Louisiana Withdraw:<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">a. Sulfur<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">b. Salt<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">c. On periphery is oil<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Gravity potentials)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Only other plan Dones and forest is on Persian Gulf)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(7) <U><B>Shelves rimmed with Rocky Banks and Rocky Islands </U></P
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></B>a. Narrow shelf areas<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">b. Many caves<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">c. Great kelp<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Tigreana River: from sand - boulders - cobbles - from sand - silt ~ coarse brown<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">sand (not usually gray)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(8) <U><B>Shelf with Shallow Discontinuous Valley Systems</U></P
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></B>Shallow troughs - not deep<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Sunda Shelf- (Brenda + Bonnes) (Jain /Indonesia)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Tidal appears to be reason but?<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">New York Harbor<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Delaware &amp; Chesapeake Bay<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(9)<U><B> Shelves Shoaled by Coral Reef</U></P
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></B>Australia Great Barrier Reef<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Not all coral are reef formers)<FONT size="+1">