Caldera - Large volcanic dome basin - filled with water = caldera lake
10-1
CLIMATE CHANGE and GEOMORPHOLOGY
C02 & Climate - Complex Causes
Plates, tectonism, weathering, C02 bio, ocean arc
C02 - major control (decline)
Eocene & Miocene - 700 pp mv - parts per milli (dbble present)
Rock debree weathered - consumes C02
Decrease in C02 cools
Diss-association ofCaSi02 + C02 + H20 ... 2HC03 + CA + 2HC03 -
- CaC03 + H20 +C02
Weathering doubles with 10C increase Temp
deep water limestone organisms - subducted
Marine : shallow water limestone organisms less frequent.
C- Miocene age of mammals - lush grass and grazers Land: Plant and leaf shredders (browsers)
Ocean Arc - Surface & vertical thermo dine
Temp correlations by 02 isotopes pelagic & benthic
(Unstable 018)+(016 (stable) SMOW (standard ocean water)(standard x ocean water)
Climate Process precession (Earth motions - precession of orbit)
Milankovich Theory - Mild winter & cool summer produce snow
(variation of solar energy)
Tertiary - Tectonism caused pulling of mud sea & landscape change
Quartenary - Greenland / Iceland - closure of Panama Isthmus
Glaciation & glacial sands
3.1 -2.4 mi yr ago
30 of land covered & uncovered during past 1.3 m/y
Europe & N A landforms are glacial loess dates to pleistocene time.
Ice sheets lowered sea level
Non-analog Climates - boreal forest to 10 degrees of North Pole
No freeze in Alaska above Artic Circle to 70 N - How did plants/trees survive in
Sub tropics in Nantucket & glaciers
Dry climate - Aw & As ; BW & BS
Koeppen 10 inch level - of rainfall
Thomthwaite - evapo-transpiration - temp & daylight
Meigs - Steppe vs. desert, prairie, veldt & pampas, loess
unesco -