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Geomorphology Weekly Notes 10-1.htm

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><FONT size="+1" color="#000000"></B>Caldera - Large volcanic dome basin - filled with water = caldera lake<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">10-1</P
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>CLIMATE CHANGE and GEOMORPHOLOGY<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">C02 &amp; Climate - Complex Causes<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Plates, tectonism, weathering, C02 bio, ocean arc<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">C02 - major control (decline)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Eocene &amp; Miocene - 700 pp mv - parts per milli (dbble present)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Rock debree weathered - consumes C02<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Decrease in C02 cools<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Diss-association ofCaSi02 + C02 + H20 ... 2HC03 + CA + 2HC03 -<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">- CaC03 + H20 +C02<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Weathering doubles with 10C increase Temp<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">deep water limestone organisms - subducted<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1"><B>Marine</B> :                 shallow water limestone organisms less frequent.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">            C- Miocene age of mammals - lush grass and grazers<FONT size="+1"> <FONT size="+1"><B>Land</B>:               Plant and leaf shredders (browsers)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Ocean Arc - Surface &amp; vertical thermo dine<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Temp correlations by 02 isotopes pelagic &amp; benthic<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Unstable 018)+(016 (stable)   SMOW (standard ocean water)(standard x ocean water)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Climate Process precession (Earth motions - precession of orbit)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Milankovich Theory - Mild winter &amp; cool summer produce snow<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(variation of solar energy)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Tertiary - Tectonism caused pulling of mud sea &amp; landscape change<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Quartenary - Greenland / Iceland - closure of Panama Isthmus<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Glaciation &amp; glacial sands<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">3.1 -2.4 mi yr ago<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">30 of land covered &amp; uncovered during past 1.3 m/y<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Europe &amp; N A landforms are glacial loess dates to pleistocene time.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Ice sheets lowered sea level<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Non-analog Climates - boreal forest to 10 degrees of North Pole<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">No freeze in Alaska above Artic Circle to 70 N - How did plants/trees survive in<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Sub tropics in Nantucket &amp; glaciers<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Dry climate - Aw &amp; As ; BW &amp; BS<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Koeppen 10 inch level - of rainfall<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Thomthwaite - evapo-transpiration - temp &amp; daylight<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Meigs -                       Steppe vs. desert, prairie, veldt &amp; pampas, loess<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">unesco -<FONT size="+1"> </P
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