ࡱ> ]^`!R jIv18t'2|(\N@/6 xogF-Ɋ!@@HWSuP$q|Z1D\ʠJl{K⥈rKt l^J[7, =YFٙoޒYc]?f8a_de=8JWg'D#&8GvƔR,ZY\\mY+Fw[2_":Jp vE cȰk8O>^TB0?_V Ũg-{Oyu

vR[xSȎ.euu8^WrmϠ~/g1Z%NQ?S؆$=at ߹311FSuJ xE;#{\ռr'HTF*>^ƥiBԞWZfjg'1H;ږ@[,i[2@<ϸh+Z6kh+i$rhI۬ڠe'hګжmVm$shI۬ڦ' h+Z6kh+6x$悶<3 ?gxޒ-2{ Ĺ8 +#0)[|zDϷ1֎8烸a]ei·$5 q*s%%K[CfGM8,gxڒ![A;;N\ݎ:dv4x1Ҏ!AS3= )9*Җ Ҡ g2qd8hەYgwI?oܒ7%8xە{ ޸%oJ&qm7Ѵ1Ҏ7%8xەHn->oܒ7%8xZ|uo;|H>xH;v oy?r}֑vLӎCݬO|cۑ~ڑBu 7I2A\Gc $T4@\˒-C\ mHzq-K q-!GzNl%q[Ӟ4 eIܖ!⠞uh5@\˒-C\ 鸓5$i7dR5A0ː*5ִaxkP'=&D;Q ڙ)z%m 6Am1IhkZ05A[IҳM i{I-ANT~pWGmW0=޺P^,YZ 5X0.A%U^X"  d "aA # bkpZBl<ٺi aqmAxnTkħMOi}h}j\,,tQx[aXqL[L᳏E0µ}nTŠ\-MV sd"6dUܖ\P)y1ÇlE0\'~0uPǾJR$['~3q2V]~CTo%NR_P2_QWt@ZoaA{O7/X6,vP+92: sUDV랺4-DꝠZh1jGvwJqb]#pȍ#MF"D1VQuV*QyT %kضTt^WYWԣ n?-oМYŶ8}H$a^$D9n˾C{ṭQs/OϠud7½\M}X _~z#9G!6{&oq!Y9=Ju~&d@=RnK7gh=%wxYkh\E>w,M JDU*!fkm#)!)Fb[#d*?>PK5"B"@EP V+Glb&YsMS dGf33gfkQ7p1P dMb"_NTi=ZUIt;t (6%JB6j~)v@@WUVZP  R2|RuE:iLf5Pu'qljXedv2uvjuC ]Y]Jg+N\E2\+nگ/!cWE6t~|A*0u~8@͢Vg27_wC̽ZU4ppw-N=Ed{'?3S3!}M!c]|b.lr?mf:KFX~w CF:-/kb{vu@x7xӵt};P'> M/6 Jf໣qvHgdT||. s=LtkUiD.|ycz}zm'w~;Zޙ༓}ʕwZEڇ?׸7_5 /G.{Sߴok~Qev!ºq.u6u"1w;z2N[P(B ܯ/ўݿ !v gnӭoQ>szZT_]qr'G$QYnDga#},su`v1Hy}\wېM=1y9N>cRX_YQ6dw9"c{,cƹ :H'{&x/G"o~o2{Og~|ߗgovy7.Y7dpl/;>TgL%rn(8*9֫D5^Cɕ3by!scu{@=)3܍O\Ñ)h  ܁G|&xYoh\E}˝%x1V5im,/ = R/%؊V#R}V!rOJ ڦ*BXk+V-H yo潻?)dÏݙ73;g6IDh ?0R PւAqVLD q " *m(|#b4M3HID;֦L(eukR1CR˴kM53SҤB":递͏F> V Lr9d q-QY6"eTm?}AkoY.`GJX4͛e-Oܿ-*x=O KRֶA'R'txɦjMBI~67VM,~o$.X?!i "ڨiND2_&3`qAȶUJԑ$lY}r֓AV-ݣ@X[p,1q=DUPw+9w e湐suHPhߣ{4~oQWi*e,5nqSz*bGXͼǟC36P-=##|+Zo?^sqQ8gK ˖:;Ús'}+Ͼ*:hg q)`a1ΕcP<+1c')3ja%N9"Edjk]F11"bDž92f>9x}9LY*_;/%1!3W|A|RK p-elc9'l ͆yl S+}z>{cAw||F_ӬwP[uՆ[δmNɋ:D1Koͭe+8S}?ldb ǒЀy`%{r !Q':}^K4Wi3?x/([SOD^/j+Jv+o7Rs}L0' N򾧮ɫ̳^v!3^}[qzqzy˶W)Q$c:/ZE>oVʺboV?gYQfEuYyRm[)ߛUQ@|io- nh8;"H޽߄N߷)#G0={Qc AIrw/GMmijed9' 7mב7G8֧&Q'i'L>e=iC꠶ QAvf\WY:B845`J}Au}2pqL?{,y: lv&l ?77úy> nVʺY&b{9z2>:J{D>xߐz/}׾>QVy^ƁG7 P{ 04mY(   v4 Chart Excel.Chart.50 Chartv5 Chart Excel.Chart.50 Chart`/ 0DArialNew RomanTTX?ܖ 0ܖDTimes New RomanTTX?ܖ 0ܖ\@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` `(_++,30 89:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~_2$ jIv18tZ$$"$RnK7gZ"$3܍O\Ñ)1  0AA@ʚ;ʚ;g4BdBdA 0ppp@ <4dddd w 0T4?<4BdBd w 0T4? <4!d!d x 0T80___PPT10 ?  %J2Personality and Politics II Punitiveness and Affect DisplacementAA( Michael Milburn Psychology 3353%What are the origins of punitiveness?&&( Childhood/personality development Education? Something else? Harold Lasswell Sylvan Tomkins Alice Miller All models have in common: Affect displacement 6"\"\,D>\What is Lasswell s model? What is the primary mechanism he proposes to explain the process he observes? Affect Displacement What is Tomkins model of ideological development?$h3, r$Affect DisplacementAnecdotal: Alice Miller Experimental (short-term) Experimental/Survey (long-term) Milburn, Conrad et al. . Alice MillerWhat are the central elements of the  poisonous pedagogy? Elements: Start young Humiliate Punish until stop crying Punish obstinacy What are the roots of the  poisonous pedagogy? Proverbs/Egyptian roots Is anyone who gets punished going to be a perpetrator? Central elements in her model: Mistreatment/Affect Displacement Denial\EP@PP(PE@(/ James Dobson9Start young Use physical punishment Spank to stop crying 62Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(72Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(8 !Weatherly (1961)--Displaced Anger""(Q(IV-1) High and low anti-Semitic students identified (IV-2) Subjects angered by experimenter making highly insulting and deprecating comments to the subjects while they were filling out questionnaires (controls not insulted) (IV-3) Line drawing shown to subjects with four characters; two given Jewish names: Sam Goldblatt and Herb RosenRR9 9!!Weatherly (1961)--Displaced Anger""(H(DV)--subjects asked to write story about characters in picture; acts of aggression toward characters with Jewish names counted RESULTS: After being insulted, anti-Semitic subjects directed significantly greater fantasy aggression toward Jewish characters; low anti-Semitic subjects directed less aggression after being insultedIZI:"xRogers & Prentice-Dunn (1981)--Anger and  repressive racism ==](IV) White students at University of Alabama insulted by confederate (white or black) (DV) Given opportunity to shock the confederate RESULTS: Significantly higher shock levels administered to black confederate after being angered [in contrast: the control condition subjects administered lower shocks to black confederate than to white confederate]*^!8;#Rogers and Prentice-Dunn<$)Prejudice results in displaced aggression**(The insult manipulation was not enough to instigate aggression (no difference between aggression toward white confederate in insult or no insult condition) Race of confederate not enough (less aggression toward black confederate in no insult condition) The latent racism held by white students at the University of Alabama was activated or triggered in the black confederate/insult condition =%<Meindl & Lerner (1984)--Self-esteem and displaced aggression==7 Forty-two Anglo Canadians as subjects (IV) Manipulated self-esteem--accident (DV) Answered policy questions related to Quebec (primed:  as a member of the English-speaking majority ) RESULTS: LSE subjects significantly less favorable to policies favoring Quebec>&1Meta Analysis of Research on Displaced Aggression22Marcus-Newhall et al. (2000) JPSP While displaced aggression not covered much in recent textbooks Effect is robust (Mean ES = .54),c?'2Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(@(2Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(A)(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) Study 1: Questionnaire study of UMass undergraduates IVs: Childhood punishment, gender, and therapy DV: Punitive political attitudes (death penalty, restrictions on abortion, use of military force) B*#Altemeyer Parental Punishment scale$$ `When you were 7-9 years old, around the second to fourth grade, how angry would your father or mother have gotten if they had found out that you: Disobeyed them like going somewhere you were forbidden to go, or something you were forbidden to do? Would they have: Spanked you Taken away privileges Scolded you Expressed disappointment Not punished you@wXwXC+Punitive Political AttitudesThe U.S. should not hesitate to use military force when its national interests are threatened. (Strongly Agree--Strongly Disagree) Some people feel that the death penalty should often be used, others feel it should never be used. How do you feel? (Often be used--Never be used) By law, abortion should never be permitted--By law, a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice.p$k vxD,(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) RESULTS: Two significant two-way interactions Punishment by therapy High punishment Ss without therapy more punitive than high punishment Ss with therapy Punishment by gender High punishment males more punitive than low punishment males High punishment females less punitiveTDVdDVdE-!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""F.!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""G/ Punishment by Gender Interaction!!H0 Punishment by Gender Interaction!!I1 Conclusions Childhood punishment is an important variable predicting adult support for punitive public policy This effect is mediated by two important variables: gender and therapy (our measure of denial) J2Limitations of Study 1Limited to undergraduates Effect might result from education (discipline varies by education); uncontrolled since no variability Effect of negative emotion inferred, not measuredK3(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) Study 2: Telephone survey of people living in Eastern Massachusetts using same variables: Punitive political attitudes Gender, Therapy, Childhood Punishment Added covariates: Respondents education Respondents parents education Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability ScalelZC`SC`L4(Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale))j Before voting I thoroughly investigate the qualifications of all the candidates  I have never intensely disliked anyone  No matter who I m talking to, I m always a good listener M5ResultsSame two-way interactions replicated, controlling for respondents education and their parents education, and social desirability *$^N6!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""O7!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""P8 Punishment by Gender Interaction!!Q9 Punishment by Gender Interaction!!R:Results{Significant two-way interactions reflected in pattern of significant three-way interaction: Punishment by Gender by Therapy||S;)Punishment by Therapy Interaction (MALES)**T<+Punishment by Therapy Interaction (FEMALES),,U=(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) Study 2: Experiment embedded in survey Recall/Catharsis Condition: recalled punishment first Control: answered attitude questions first RESULTS: Two significant three-way interactions with Condition`'a 6!a 6V>7Condition by Punishment by Therapy Interaction--CONTROL88W?9Condition by Punishment by Therapy Interaction--TREATMENT::X@6Condition by Punishment by Gender Interaction--CONTROL77YA8Condition by Punishment by Gender Interaction--TREATMENT99ZB(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) EXPERIMENTAL RESULT: Subjects who recalled punishment were subsequently less supportive of death penalty than subjects who hadn t first recalled their childhood experiences Supports conclusion that emotion from negative childhood experiences plays a role in adult attitudes on punitive public policy, mediated by gender and therapy*77[C4The Cognitive Neuroscience of the Politics of Denial55( George Lakoff, linguist and cognitive neuroscientist at UC Berkeley Moral Politics: Discusses how the  strict father model of parenting affects the way conservatives think (non-consciously) about political issues Neural inhibition from recall of childhood punishment experiences Explanation only makes sense if you acknowledge a link between childhood experiences and political attitudes 2ZD3y\DMilburn and Ezzati (1998) IVs: Same parental punishment, therapy, and gender variables, and measures of emotional experience Spielberger State-Trait anger scale Taylor Manifest Anxiety scale Fenigstein & Scheier Self-awareness scale DV: Altemeyer s RWA scale<clclPc 7   ]E#Spielberger State-Trait Anger Scale$$ Anger Now (How I Feel Right Now)  I am furious  I feel like yelling at somebody  I feel like hitting someone Anger Reactions (When angry or furious& )  I do things like slam doors  I express my anger  I make sarcastic remarks to others T!O)X!O)X^FTaylor Manifest Anxiety Scale I am often sick to my stomach  I often find myself worrying about something  At times I lose sleep over worry rr_G)Fenigstein & Scheier Self-awareness scale**$ FIntrospection  I am always trying to figure myself out  I m generally attentive to my inner feelings  I reflect about myself a lot Public presentation  I m concerned about the way I present myself  I usually worry about making a good impression  I m self-conscious about the way I look Txx`HResultsAnger, anxiety, and self-awareness are significant predictors of authoritarianism Replicated the 3-way interaction of gender, punishment, and therapy found earlier with punitive political attitudesaI-Emotion, Self-awareness, and Authoritarianism..bJPunishment by Therapy (Males)cKPunishment by Therapy (Females)  Conclusion8Emotion from childhood mistreatment doesn t just go away--it can remain and distort the public policy process--through the process of emotional displacement/`+defghijklmnopqrs t!u"v#w$x%y&z'{(|)}*~+,-./01234567   0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> f(    6(  `}  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0  `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0 ^ `  >*  0 ^   @*  0 ^ `  @*H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.0 v Default Design 0 zr$ (  $ $ 0H  P     P*   $ 0M       R*  d $ c $ ?    $ 0P   0   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S $ 6U  _P    P*   $ 6Z  _    R*  H $ 0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.0$ 0 $(  r  S  G@ G r  S G `   G H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.^!  0 \(  x  c $G `}  G   c $<G `<$ 0 G H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10..3(+FDe' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D3' =%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*"%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*"-%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*-=%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*=M%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*M\%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*\i%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*i%(+8+0+0 +   0 @P(  r  S 谒 `}     S 豒 `<$ 0  H  0޽h ? 33  ___PPT10 ..00+[W_D* ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h|%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*|%(+8+0+0 +}  0 P$(  r  S 䯒 `}   r  S  `  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.0 [/}+D=' = @B +  0 0P(  r  S  `}     S  `<$ 0  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10..0`0+[W_DR' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*;%(D ' =%(D ' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*;E%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*EQ%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Q[%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*[t%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*t%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D3' =%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*$%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*$E%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*EL%(+8+0+0 +}  0 $(  r  S d  `}  d  r  S ld  ` d  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.0,+D=' = @B +   0 (  x  c $u `}     Z\a1?  ( 2  Z4@ 1?wQTLD___PPT9& 4I. Experimental evidence for affect displacement a. Dollard et al. (1939) b. Weatherley (1961)--anger c. Rogers and Prentice-Dunn (1981) anger d. Meindl & Lerner (1984) low self-esteem e. Marcus-Newhall et al. meta analysis II. Long-term affect displacement theoretical statement a. Adorno et al.; Lasswell, Psychopathology and Politics b. Alice Miller, For Your Own Good; Bradshaw III. Research on displacement of affect from childhood punishment a. Milburn, Conrad, Sala, and Carberry (1995) b. Milburn and Ezzati (1998) ;l5 =  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.VДnr,   0 ,(  x  c $c `}     Z01?  ( 2  Z-@ 1?wQTLD___PPT9& 4I. Experimental evidence for affect displacement a. Dollard et al. (1939) b. Weatherley (1961)--anger c. Rogers and Prentice-Dunn (1981) anger d. Meindl & Lerner (1984) low self-esteem e. Marcus-Newhall et al. meta analysis II. Long-term affect displacement theoretical statement a. Adorno et al.; Lasswell, Psychopathology and Politics b. Alice Miller, For Your Own Good; Bradshaw III. Research on displacement of affect from childhood punishment a. Milburn, Conrad, Sala, and Carberry (1995) b. Milburn and Ezzati (1998) Vl5 =  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.VДnr  0 % <4(    3 rS gֳgֳ ?      3 r䛟gֳgֳ ?   H  0޽h ? f3  0 % B:(    3 r8gֳgֳ ?     C x伟gֳgֳ ? `  H  0޽h ? f3  0 % H@(    C xԟgֳgֳ ? `}     C xڟgֳgֳ ? `  H  0޽h ? f3   0  u(  ~  s *T `}   |B  TD1?|B  TD1?|B  TD1?|B  TD1?   T1?` MNo Insult Insult 0 2|2  T1?0 ` |2  T1? 0|2  T1? ` |2  T1? |B  TD1?0 0 |B  TD1?    T) 1?p, F Aggression 0 2   Tx) 1?p   `$Black Confederate White Confederate %0 2%H  0޽h ? !2ffmy___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0 @<(  ~  s *P&)  `}  )  ~  s *+)  ` )  H  0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i. pσ+D=' = @B +  0 % H@P(    C x<) gֳgֳ ?}  )    C xB) gֳgֳ ? ` )  H  0޽h ? f3  0 p <(   ~   s *Y)  `}  )  ~   s *^)  ` )  H   0޽h ? ̙33H   0 H(  x  c $(l)  `}  )    Zq) 1?  ( 2  Z{) 1?wQTLD___PPT9& 4I. Experimental evidence for affect displacement a. Dollard et al. (1939) b. Weatherley (1961)--anger c. Rogers and Prentice-Dunn (1981) anger d. Meindl & Lerner (1984) low self-esteem e. Marcus-Newhall et al. meta analysis II. Long-term affect displacement theoretical statement a. Adorno et al.; Lasswell, Psychopathology and Politics b. Alice Miller, For Your Own Good; Bradshaw III. Research on displacement of affect from childhood punishment a. Milburn, Conrad, Sala, and Carberry (1995) b. Milburn and Ezzati (1998) U l5 =  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.VДnr  0 LD(  x  c $)  `}  )    Z,) 1?  ( 2j  Z) 1?wQTLD___PPT9& 4I. Experimental evidence for affect displacement a. Dollard et al. (1939) b. Weatherley (1961)--anger c. Rogers and Prentice-Dunn (1981) anger d. Meindl & Lerner (1984) low self-esteem e. Marcus-Newhall et al. meta analysis II. Long-term affect displacement theoretical statement a. Adorno et al.; Lasswell, Psychopathology and Politics b. Alice Miller, For Your Own Good; Bradshaw III. Research on displacement of affect from childhood punishment a. Milburn, Conrad, Sala, and Carberry (1995) b. Milburn and Ezzati (1998) ; 5 =  H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.VДnr  0 % H@(    C x) gֳgֳ ? `}  )    C x) gֳgֳ ? ` )  H  0޽h ? f3  0 % B: (      C x8) gֳgֳ ? `}  )     3 r) gֳgֳ ?0  )  H   0޽h ? f3  0 % B:((  ( ( C x= gֳgֳ ? `}  =   ( 3 r = gֳgֳ ?  =  H ( 0޽h ? f3  0 % H@0(  0 0 C x %= gֳgֳ ? `}  =   0 C xl+= gֳgֳ ? < =  H 0 0޽h ? f3   0 % &  8 (  8 8 3 r8D= gֳgֳ ?`  =  ^ 8 61?d{pB 8 Hp?  8 TI= gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L 8 TpT= gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0  8 TW= gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0  8 Tg= gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB  8 H8c?@@ pB  8 H8c? p   8 Tq= gֳgֳ?V& v MHigh Punishment"0   8 Tx{= gֳgֳ?& ,  MLow Punishment"0   8 TX= gֳgֳ? tNo Therapy Therapy"0  ^ 8 61?  L ^ 8 61? l^ 8 61? D ^ 8 61? l, H 8 0޽h ? f3   0 % &  @@ (  @ @ 3 r̜= gֳgֳ ?`  =  ^ @ 61?d{pB @ Hp?  @ Tx= gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L @ T= gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0  @ T= gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0  @ T= gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB  @ H8c?@@ pB  @ H8c? p   @ Td= gֳgֳ?V& v MHigh Punishment"0   @ T= gֳgֳ?& ,  MLow Punishment"0   @ T= gֳgֳ? tNo Therapy Therapy"0  ^ @ 61?  L ^ @ 61? l^ @ 61? D ^ @ 61? l, H @ 0޽h ? f3   0 % < 4 `H (  H H 3 rd= gֳgֳ ?`  =  ^ H 61?d{pB H Hp?  H T= gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L H TE gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0  H TE gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0  H TE gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB  H H8c?  pB  H H8c?0   H Td#E gֳgֳ?fZj  PMales Females"0   H T-E gֳgֳ? `"Low Punishment High Punishment"#0 #^  H 61?  \ ^ H 61?  L ^ H 61?  ^ H 61?H H 0޽h ? f3   0 % < 4 P (  P P 3 rCE gֳgֳ ?`  E  ^ P 61?d{pB P Hp?  P TIE gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L P TSE gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0  P T0^E gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0  P TgE gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB  P H8c?  pB  P H8c?0   P TqE gֳgֳ?fZj  PMales Females"0   P TzE gֳgֳ? `"Low Punishment High Punishment"#0 #^  P 61?  \ ^ P 61?  L ^ P 61?  ^ P 61?H P 0޽h ? f3  0 % tlX(  X X C x E gֳgֳ ? `}  E   X C xE gֳgֳ ? `<$ 0 E  H X 0޽h ? f3  0 % tl`(  ` ` C x\E gֳgֳ ? `}  E   ` C x4E gֳgֳ ? `<$ 0 E  H ` 0޽h ? f3___PPT10.+2D' E = @B DJ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D{' =%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*`D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*`D{' =%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*`D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*`D{' =%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*`D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*`+8+0+`0 +    0 % tlh(  h h C xE gֳgֳ ? `}  E   h C xE gֳgֳ ? `<$ 0 E  H h 0޽h ? f3___PPT10.+/D+' E = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D! ' =%(D ' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*hZ%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*hZD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*hZD' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*hZw%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*hZwD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*hZwD' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*hw%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*hwD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*hwD' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*hD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*hD' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*hD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*hD' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*hD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*hD' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*hD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*h+8+0+h0 + ! 0 % tlp(  p p C xE gֳgֳ ? `}  E   p C x8E gֳgֳ ? `<$ 0 E  H p 0޽h ? f3___PPT10.+2D'  = @B DJ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D{' =%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*pR%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*pRD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*pRD{' =%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*pR{%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*pR{D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*pR{D{' =%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*p{%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*p{D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*p{+8+0+p0 + " 0 % H@ x(  x x C x, gֳgֳ ? `}    x C x gֳgֳ ? `   H x 0޽h ? f3  # 0 % &  @ (    3 r0 gֳgֳ ?`   ^  61?d{pB  Hp?   T@6 gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L  T@ gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0   TJ gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0   TPT gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB   H8c?@0 pB   H8c? p    T^ gֳgֳ?f  MHigh Punishment"0    T@i gֳgֳ?  MLow Punishment"0    T(s gֳgֳ? tNo Therapy Therapy"0  ^  61? <, ^  61?d ^  61?D, ^  61? l\ H  0޽h ? f3  $ 0 % &  ` (    3 rt gֳgֳ ?`   ^  61?d{pB  Hp?   Tl gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L  T gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0   T gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0   TX gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB   H8c?@0 pB   H8c? p    T gֳgֳ?f  MHigh Punishment"0    T4 gֳgֳ?  MLow Punishment"0    Tʒ gֳgֳ? tNo Therapy Therapy"0  ^  61?  \ ^  61?D, ^  61? l\ ^  61?d H  0޽h ? f3  % 0 % 9 1  (    3 r gֳgֳ ?`   ^  61?d{pB  Hp?   T gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L  T8 gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0   T gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0   TX  gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB   H8c?  pB   H8c?@    T\ gֳgֳ?fZ  MMales Females"0    T gֳgֳ? `"Low Punishment High Punishment"#0 #^   61? < ^  61?d < ^  61?  L ^  61?H  0޽h ? f3  & 0 % I A  (    3 r0 gֳgֳ ?`    ^  61?d{pB  Hp?   T6 gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L  T(A gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0   T K gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0   T T gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB   H8c?  pB   H8c?@    T^ gֳgֳ?fZ  ]Males Females20     Ti gֳgֳ? `"Low Punishment High Punishment"#0 #^   61?T ^  61? <L ^  61? L ^  61?d < H  0޽h ? f3 ' 0 % H@(    C xV gֳgֳ ? `}      C x gֳgֳ ? `   H  0޽h ? f3Z  ( 0 %    (    3 rĘ gֳgֳ ?`    ^  61?d{pB  Hp?   T gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L  TH gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0   T gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0   Tl gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB   H8c?@ pB   H8c? 0   Td gֳgֳ?& U F  LLow Punishment"0 ^   61? \^   61?l^  61?   ^  61?  L   T gֳgֳ?vV  MHigh Punishment"0   T gֳgֳ?& tNo Therapy Therapy"0    Z` 1?P7 ? Significant 2 H  0޽h ? f3^  ) 0 %    (    3 r gֳgֳ ?`    ^  61?d{pB  Hp?   T% gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L  T % gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0   T% gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0   T,% gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB   H8c?p  pB   H8c?p    T'% gֳgֳ? LLow Punishment"0 ^   61? $|< ^   61?DT^  61?t L ^  61?DT  T42% gֳgֳ?6 V  MHigh Punishment"0   T0<% gֳgֳ?& tNo Therapy Therapy"0    ZF% 1?g CNot significant 2H  0޽h ? f3 * 0 % H@ (    C xp[% gֳgֳ ? `}  %    C xa% gֳgֳ ? ` %  H  0޽h ? f3[  + 0 %   @ (    3 r % gֳgֳ ?`  %  ^  61?d{pB  Hp?   T% gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L  TЊ% gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0   T% gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0   T % gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB   H8c?@0 pB   H8c?p    T% gֳgֳ?e  MHigh Punishment"0    TD% gֳgֳ? MLow Punishment"0    T,% gֳgֳ? tNo Therapy Therapy"0  ^  61? l\ ^  61?TD^  61?  \ ^  61?<  Z% 1?@`g ? Significant 2 H  0޽h ? f3  , 0 %   `= (    3 r$% gֳgֳ ?`  %  ^  61?d{pB  Hp?   T$% gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L  T$% gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0   Tp% gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0   T9 gֳgֳ? K Liberal"0 pB   H8c?p@ pB   H8c?@ p    T 9 gֳgֳ?Vu v MHigh Punishment"0    T|9 gֳgֳ?    e LowPunishment"0     TX9 gֳgֳ? tNo Therapy Therapy"0  ^  61? l ^  61?D ^  61? Dl   Zp*9 1?g CNot significant 2H  0޽h ? f3r  - 0 %    (    3 rP?9 gֳgֳ ?`  9  ^  61?d{pB  Hp?   T0E9 gֳgֳ?: K .6 - .4 - .2 - 0 - -.2 - -.4 - -.6 -"L0 L  TO9 gֳgֳ?f&El  PPolitical Ideology"0   TY9 gֳgֳ?VOv L Conservative"0   T gֳgֳ ? `}     C x? gֳgֳ ? `   H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' 9 = @B +  0 p(  j  s * ?$      ` 1 ?$ @    H  0޽h ? ̙33  0 ((  ^  S $      c $`$ @    H  0޽h ? ̙33! 0 ((  ^  S $      c $ʟ$ @    H  0޽h ? ̙33" 0 ((  ^  S $      c $$ @    H  0޽h ? ̙33 # 0 0p(  j  s * ?$   )    `) 1 ?$ @  )   H  0޽h ? ̙33% 0 `((  ^  S $    )   c $@O) $ @  )   H  0޽h ? ̙33) 0 ((  ^  S $    )   c $) $ @  )   H  0޽h ? ̙33* 0 $((  $^ $ S $    )  $ c $T) $ @  )   H $ 0޽h ? ̙33+ 0 ,((  ,^ , S $    =  , c $= $ @  =   H , 0޽h ? ̙33, 0 4((  4^ 4 S $    =  4 c $d:= $ @  =   H 4 0޽h ? ̙33- 0 0<((  <^ < S $    =  < c $= $ @  =   H < 0޽h ? ̙33. 0 PD((  D^ D S $    =  D c $d= $ @  =   H D 0޽h ? ̙33/ 0 pL((  L^ L S $    E  L c $:E $ @  E   H L 0޽h ? ̙330 0 T((  T^ T S $    E  T c $8E $ @  E   H T 0޽h ? ̙331 0 \((  \^ \ S $    E  \ c $`E $ @  E   H \ 0޽h ? ̙332 0 d((  d^ d S $    E  d c $E $ @  E   H d 0޽h ? ̙333 0 l((  l^ l S $    E  l c $E $ @  E   H l 0޽h ? ̙334 0 t((  t^ t S $     t c $ $ @    H t 0޽h ? ̙335 0 0|((  |^ | S $     | c $t& $ @    H | 0޽h ? ̙336 0 P((  ^  S $      c $V $ @    H  0޽h ? ̙337 0 p((  ^  S $      c $|ג $ @    H  0޽h ? ̙338 0 ((  ^  S $       c $' $ @     H  0޽h ? ̙339 0 ((  ^  S $       c $u $ @     H  0޽h ? ̙33: 0 ((  ^  S $       c $t $ @     H  0޽h ? ̙33; 0 ((  ^  S $       c $ $ @     H  0޽h ? ̙33< 0 ((  ^  S $    %   c $Q% $ @  %   H  0޽h ? ̙33= 0 0((  ^  S $    %   c $p% $ @  %   H  0޽h ? ̙33> 0 P((  ^  S $    %   c $8% $ @  %   H  0޽h ? ̙33? 0 p((  ^  S $    9   c $|59 $ @  9   H  0޽h ? ̙33@ 0 ((  ^  S $    9   c $89 $ @  9   H  0޽h ? ̙33A 0 ((  ^  S $    9   c $9 $ @  9   H  0޽h ? ̙33B 0 ((  ^  S $    a  c $9 $ @  a  H  0޽h ? ̙33D 0 ((  ^  S $    a  c $Da$ @  a  H  0޽h ? ̙33E 0  ((  ^  S $    a  c $aa$ @  a  H  0޽h ? ̙33F 0 @((  ^  S $    a  c $|a$ @  a  H  0޽h ? ̙33G 0 `((  ^  S $    a  c $a$ @  a  H  0޽h ? ̙33H 0 ((  ^  S $    a  c $da$ @  a  H  0޽h ? ̙33I 0 ((  ^  S $    a  c $`a$ @  a  H  0޽h ? ̙33J 0  ((   ^   S $    a   c $a$ @  a  H   0޽h ? ̙33K 0 (((  (^ ( S $     ( c $$ @    H ( 0޽h ? ̙33 Hx[ pT>_lI ,Q @` $DDbRŎ`C!Ђk;4LqZf3:UFmNOaVs}o߾Mv@9{;w{O<[rzp ^O 7:@@ L$c2\VmXήM;zS4[/*=W~~},ݴvׁ\7*L >G=h]-ef`=XRoJt?S=lCٙ~Uv5p`yW)nתq=?icw`+%{:e(];~GBq5WW^}uՆy׶V73rhnY+m *VޓllX&%Xa궵BA[ V<^*C:/ځUXl 6`),j ,WQ8Mό ('OGi) m+TXޜ=Kցۙ#"Nޡ@FOk^&iɑd퉩ۆ)D'9h7st:::tB[M;;ۂݽsuZ?5f5. (wvz:{z:t['<,XDKUKSȅkR1l'jd۲NѸrtl[}xDrHO?QSIG?hK+JyXZ,x5U2tY9MG1ҏ 㑾i۾k!| hy6&Ll;kYE7 0nE 4XQ1#ny"} 0ۺ iZ=?O 믎q.)r8EW|nC5BXuS>0=}`V{9g;NEHr?-x[8+K^|b9;dƪ^TC\7(t)]䜭J}o',ΪFhdf&vݏmX&8<|GjH˞4Y-q2[J-Mt8ޠuy}eL`e_*Sq-PcM?x^P} `,rh8Rd\0R+y2C@EÊ6"X@q"̳_FFlԷ[}Q.YnEvǀ7^ %!HJVv#q[nGIN:1޴י'ߑhN) o {@03 ӽI1gl:P]x|:ĭ'>,ҧ*MGQ_dO5I&=ɤ'œ$Gew[¡!DL@a)cyɝ1q_-ݣNώO_òZ*3wqVdueˇ!ȧ_~ 9b^&qk'gLn>Ub[q-S@_Re[!nln3uNǎxe>uŰm/S"<(|w^>9Yڝˎ#[Kw'%?#0R/za|"B7h  m f\¨Wt7dҦ2Uf]pG07?JDٓR'ս˂^𿂾Oe" ONv~Y*m~{e2\0wH?2)Cǁm۹O~ss0z?DuDx[klT>sھx1/yEƼHPЖ4@5v6 4,i^R%U"ETJԤmԂD"E&Q& MP(qHG@i6sf{ͮyj=3s3gΜ:Ɛǎ0?#$kguxIӚ Ԛ.cmsWW|y,=`ްWC˱GG\ F?Q&ј{cLU]__lkQ˟3.7w熟ɕ1h)#k'N9qbi7Y8sn!}JQav^SɨZw']qL[:=naMu"Ϊe[LӶ9[x/pHIbp 9a̱yM=zv#㐎Y@4hF3DU7mJZ-XV=hL$CRANK8Ei,w\d>.tXWӞ7lhz5twPP 1q8jjޑOi>|~ ju,p#|ͩ#qYpnv"<%CQ _f5v)a1։_CVA-ļڕ X]Io3Dd)(-`5د4^6hҚ G# :3Rؑk>[ BlDٮ%/TIxT '_P͕#_pm\ksTԈ@ h9eϪv p+Io԰ә>wp>sI?! i7tkί<<@` ʬG  aU6!$L6 xf4 Pm-s,-XarH9˟guQy]8lܚadPݤ,ŨB7[]E2mD[q>nYrг7eE|NK<6ZUllzîoD7 &tK9912$ẍ&:w@VB܌z F?VAgF !ݔd\[#+. blg{CAQ=«*1*gy>ƚmF8xkҞ،ˀq! TǹmG yޏHUDZY? 0ҋT4F|Չ杉FY!#2swG#Be iסI|G Gsww̓(1=|X|Ӈ.}ětAyZџi5J32H$uC?oNt&/4K_̀"=p$uPA|CvA,I 5n,!x 5X'ZCtlj ZoI!l},'r9).9PGiĭb2FiFոʇb3UDC2>m[5ShE;fӎٴGmڣ6Ӧuڴkmڵ6ڦU#ͫ[cg0jNC(83 b|=㢙B(#a֐vAlS%!ma~= , mPub",',%/c>(b="*N3 8P-vߴQ"*La#=$ d=.r[xndhdL+9ՏQ~t9Zs˸o_R(9Lלs׍{wFyj&ݞ '7.Y# E%-tg6xD#;(S,Oayrjrތ[נqc[,ddoEt,2i60]2?pYZCjLKƧ$OZtgZ˕G1#8ȨhP^7pېxJ#JH<Ӛߴ|u?rcJŏ-P`}Ycs$QWr'~Y#O8-?y ˆ= %GALHB/a knBzTOr JmlllIlYӬ=- i"v uފk{ȓX S:J_;OETY*y= U5/=u Kr{lKR9rX$}Γf)=S<+O-g]:I$ړXr$9z\$Ny(˓HᚩCnS= ֏S"-^K-drVV,ywaM3IqNkOV$cy$=IJy=ĉ<yў$<~R~b7 ݵFtJ5>wEo]FNzXwԒEJ臺;< G(;ݡ^|VlDEIL/FDZe~*~}JrV>rӹϥ.B32H6Pg yS ~B1?!z~0㺖m"]Xo&Qr0!cuY xZ+. ߏ2#iOkzT?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~_2$ jIv18tZ$$"$RnK7gZ"$3܍O\Ñ)1  0AA@ʚ;ʚ;g4BdBdx7 0ppp@ <4dddd w 0T4<4BdBd w 0T4 <4!d!d x 0T80___PPT10 ?  %L2Personality and Politics II Punitiveness and Affect DisplacementAA( Michael Milburn Psychology 3353%What are the origins of punitiveness?&&( =Childhood/personality development Education? Something else? 8""What is Lasswell s model? What is the primary mechanism he proposes to explain the process he observes? Affect Displacement What is Tomkins model of ideological development? People are attracted to an ideology that is emotionally satisfying and familiar to them2Zh, s|Affect DisplacementAnecdotal: Alice Miller Experimental (short-term) Experimental/Survey (long-term) Milburn, Conrad et al. . Alice MillerWhat are the central elements of the  poisonous pedagogy? Elements: Start young Humiliate Punish until stop crying Punish obstinacy What are the roots of the  poisonous pedagogy? Proverbs/Egyptian roots Is anyone who gets punished going to be a perpetrator? Central elements in her model: Mistreatment/Affect Displacement Denial\EP@PP(PE@(/>James Dobson Dare to Discipline* (((Start young Use physical punishment Spank to stop crying This book was so popular, Dobson is now owns a multi-million dollar radio network ( Focus on the Family ) and is a major player in right-wing Christian politics 6Root EntrydO)pXPictures<Current User5SummaryInformation(      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDYFGHIKLMNOPQRSTaZ[\_`bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{}~  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFG_E0milburnmilburnOh+'0 `h  Personality and Politicsmilburnmilburn19Microsoft PowerPoint@"=@p0@$Gg  +  y--$x0DArialngsRomanTT4ܖ 0ܖ"DTimes New RomanTT4ܖ 0ܖ DWingdingsRomanTT4ܖ 0ܖ@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` h,_ ++,30 89:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~_2$ jIv18tZ$$"$RnK7gZ"$3܍O\Ñ)1  0AA@ʚ;ʚ;g4BdBdx7 0p  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~pp@ <4dddd w 0T4<4BdBd w 0T4 <4!d!d x 0T80___PPT10 ?  %J2Personality and Politics II Punitiveness and Affect DisplacementAA( Michael Milburn Psychology 3353%What are the origins of punitiveness?&&( =Childhood/personality development Education? Something else? 8""What is Lasswell sPowerPoint Document( EDocumentSummaryInformation8 model? What is the primary mechanism he proposes to explain the process he observes? Affect Displacement What is Tomkins model of ideological development? People are attracted to an ideology that is emotionally satisfying and familiar to them2Zh, s|Affect DisplacementAnecdotal: Alice Miller Experimental (short-term) Experimental/Survey (long-term) Milburn, Conrad et al. . Alice MillerWhat are the central elements of the  poisonous pedagogy? Elements: Start young Humiliate Punish until stop crying Punish obstinacy What are the roots of the  poisonous pedagogy? Proverbs/Egyptian roots Is anyone who gets punished going to be a perpetrator? Central elements in her model: Mistreatment/Affect Displacement Denial\EP@PP(PE@(/ James Dobson9Start young Use physical punishment Spank to stop crying 62Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(72Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(8 !Weatherly (1961)--Displaced Anger""(Q(IV-1) High and low anti-Semitic students identified (IV-2) Subjects angered by experimenter making highly insulting and deprecating comments to the subjects while they were filling out questionnaires (controls not insulted) (IV-3) Line drawing shown to subjects with four characters; two given Jewish names: Sam Goldblatt and Herb RosenRR9 9!!Weatherly (1961)--Displaced Anger""(H(DV)--subjects asked to write story about characters in picture; acts of aggression toward characters with Jewish names counted RESULTS: After being insulted, anti-Semitic subjects directed significantly greater fantasy aggression toward Jewish characters; low anti-Semitic subjects directed less aggression after being insultedIZI:"xRogers & Prentice-Dunn (1981)--Anger and  repressive racism ==](IV) White students at University of Alabama insulted by confederate (white or black) (DV) Given opportunity to shock the confederate RESULTS: Significantly higher shock levels administered to black confederate after being angered [in contrast: the control condition subjects administered lower shocks to black confederate than to white confederate]*^!8;#Rogers and Prentice-Dunn<$)Prejudice results in displaced aggression**(The insult manipulation was not enough to instigate aggression (no difference between aggression toward white confederate in insult or no insult condition) Race of confederate not enough (less aggression toward black confederate in no insult condition) The latent racism held by white students at the University of Alabama was activated or triggered in the black confederate/insult condition =%<Meindl & Lerner (1984)--Self-esteem and displaced aggression==7 Forty-two Anglo Canadians as subjects (IV) Manipulated self-esteem--accident (DV) Answered policy questions related to Quebec (primed:  as a member of the English-speaking majority ) RESULTS: LSE subjects significantly less favorable to policies favoring Quebec>&1Meta Analysis of Research on Displaced Aggression22Marcus-Newhall et al. (2000) JPSP While displaced aggression not covered much in recent textbooks Effect is robust (Mean ES = .54),c?'2Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(@(2Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(A)(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) Study 1: Questionnaire study of UMass undergraduates IVs: Childhood punishment, gender, and therapy DV: Punitive political attitudes (death penalty, restrictions on abortion, use of military force) B*#Altemeyer Parental Punishment scale$$ `When you were 7-9 years old, around the second to fourth grade, how angry would your father or mother have gotten if they had found out that you: Disobeyed them like going somewhere you were forbidden to go, or something you were forbidden to do? Would they have: Spanked you Taken away privileges Scolded you Expressed disappointment Not punished you@wXwXC+Punitive Political AttitudesThe U.S. should not hesitate to use military force when its national interests are threatened. (Strongly Agree--Strongly Disagree) Some people feel that the death penalty should often be used, others feel it should never be used. How do you feel? (Often be used--Never be used) By law, abortion should never be permitted--By law, a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice.p$k vxD,(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) RESULTS: Two significant two-way interactions Punishment by therapy High punishment Ss without therapy more punitive than high punishment Ss with therapy Punishment by gender High punishment males more punitive than low punishment males High punishment females less punitiveTDVdDVdE-!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""F.!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""G/ Punishment by Gender Interaction!!H0 Punishment by Gender Interaction!!I1 Conclusions Childhood punishment is an important variable predicting adult support for punitive public policy This effect is mediated by two important variables: gender and therapy (our measure of denial) J2Limitations of Study 1Limited to undergraduates Effect might result from education (discipline varies by education); uncontrolled since no variability Effect of negative emotion inferred, not measuredK3(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) Study 2: Telephone survey of people living in Eastern Massachusetts using same variables: Punitive political attitudes Gender, Therapy, Childhood Punishment Added covariates: Respondents education Respondents parents education Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability ScalelZC`SC`L4(Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale))j Before voting I thoroughly investigate the qualifications of all the candidates  I have never intensely disliked anyone  No matter who I m talking to, I m always a good listener M5ResultsSame two-way interactions replicated, controlling for respondents education and their parents education, and social desirability *$^N6!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""O7!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""P8 Punishment by Gender Interaction!!Q9 Punishment by Gender Interaction!!R:Results{Significant two-way interactions reflected in pattern of significant three-way interaction: Punishment by Gender by Therapy||S;)Punishment by Therapy Interaction (MALES)**T<+Punishment by Therapy Interaction (FEMALES),,U=(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) Study 2: Experiment embedded in survey Recall/Catharsis Condition: recalled punishment first Control: answered attitude questions first RESULTS: Two significant three-way interactions with Condition`'a 6!a 6V>7Condition by Punishment by Therapy Interaction--CONTROL88W?9Condition by Punishment by Therapy Interaction--TREATMENT::X@6Condition by Punishment by Gender Interaction--CONTROL77YA8Condition by Punishment by Gender Interaction--TREATMENT99ZB(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) EXPERIMENTAL RESULT: Subjects who recalled punishment were subsequently less supportive of death penalty than subjects who hadn t first recalled their childhood experiences SJEupports conclusion that emotion from negative childhood experiences plays a role in adult attitudes on punitive public policy, mediated by gender and therapy*77[C4The Cognitive Neuroscience of the Politics of Denial55( George Lakoff, linguist and cognitive neuroscientist at UC Berkeley Moral Politics: Discusses how the  strict father model of parenting affects the way conservatives think (non-consciously) about political issues Neural inhibition from recall of childhood punishment experiences Explanation only makes sense if you acknowledge a link between childhood experiences and political attitudes 2ZD3y\DMilburn and Ezzati (1998) IVs: Same parental punishment, therapy, and gender variables, and measures of emotional experience Spielberger State-Trait anger scale Taylor Manifest Anxiety scale Fenigstein & Scheier Self-awareness scale DV: Altemeyer s RWA scale<clclPc 7   ]E#Spielberger State-Trait Anger Scale$$ Anger Now (How I Feel Right Now)  I am furious  I feel like yelling at somebody  I feel like hitting someone Anger Reactions (When angry or furious& )  I do things like slam doors  I express my anger  I make sarcastic remarks to others T!O)X!O)X^FTaylor Manifest Anxiety Scale I am often sick to my stomach  I often find myself worrying about something  At times I lose sleep over worry rr_G)Fenigstein & Scheier Self-awareness scale**$ FIntrospection  I am always trying to figure myself out  I m generally attentive to my inner feelings  I reflect about myself a lot Public presentation  I m concerned about the way I present myself  I usually worry about making a good impression  I m self-conscious about the way I look Txx`HResultsAnger, anxiety, and self-awareness are significant predictors of authoritarianism Replicated the 3-way interaction of gender, punishment, and therapy found earlier with punitive political attitudesaI-Emotion, Self-awareness, and Authoritarianism..bJPunishment by Therapy (Males)cKPunishment by Therapy (Females)  Conclusion8Emotion from childhood mistreatment doesn t just go away--it can remain and distort the public policy process--through the process of emotional displacement/`+defghijklmnopqrs t!u"v#w$x%y&z'{(|)}*~+,-./01234567   0 \(  x  c $,  `}     c $,  `<$ 0   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10..3(+FDA' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D3' =%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*"%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*"-%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*-=%(+8+0+0 +c  0 @P(  r  S 4ђ `}     S 4Ғ `<$ 0  H  0޽h ? 33KC___PPT10#..00+[W_D ' Ӓ= @B Dn ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*h}%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*}%(D' =%(D)' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%())))?D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 +rr3rw[(   v4 Chart Excex--'@Arial-. +2 0Personality and Politics."System0X-@Arial-.  2 0zz.-@Arial-.  2 0II.-@Arial-. 2 ; Punitiveness.-@Arial-. *2 ;=and Affect Displacement.-@Arial-. 2 K7Michael Milburn.-@Arial-. 2 V7Psychology 335.-՜.+,0\     2Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(72Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(8 !Weatherly (1961)--Displaced Anger""(Q(IV-1) High and low anti-Semitic students identified (IV-2) Subjects angered by experimenter making highly insulting and deprecating comments to the subjects while they were filling out questionnaires (controls not insulted) (IV-3) Line drawing shown to subjects with four characters; two given Jewish names: Sam Goldblatt and Herb RosenRR9 9!!Weatherly (1961)--Displaced Anger""(H(DV)--subjects asked to write story about characters in picture; acts of aggression toward characters with Jewish names counted RESULTS: After being insulted, anti-Semitic subjects directed significantly greater fantasy aggression toward Jewish characters; low anti-Semitic subjects directed less aggression after being insultedIZI:"xRogers & Prentice-Dunn (1981)--Anger and  repressive racism ==](IV) White students at University of Alabama insulted by confederate (white or black) (DV) Given opportunity to shock the confederate RESULTS: Significantly higher shock levels administered to black confederate after being angered [in contrast: the control condition subjects administered lower shocks to black confederate than to white confederate]*^!8;#Rogers and Prentice-Dunn<$)Prejudice results in displaced aggression**(The insult manipulation was not enough to instigate aggression (no difference between aggression toward white confederate in insult or no insult condition) Race of confederate not enough (less aggression toward black confederate in no insult condition) The latent racism held by white students at the University of Alabama was activated or triggered in the black confederate/insult condition =%<Meindl & Lerner (1984)--Self-esteem and displaced aggression==7 Forty-two Anglo Canadians as subjects (IV) Manipulated self-esteem--accident (DV) Answered policy questions related to Quebec (primed:  as a member of the English-speaking majority ) RESULTS: LSE subjects significantly less favorable to policies favoring Quebec>&1Meta Analysis of Research on Displaced Aggression22Marcus-Newhall et al. (2000) JPSP While displaced aggression not covered much in recent textbooks Effect is robust (Mean ES = .54),c?'2Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(@(2Childhood punishment, denial, and authoritarianism33(A)(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) Study 1: Questionnaire study of UMass undergraduates IVs: Childhood punishment, gender, and therapy DV: Punitive political attitudes (death penalty, restrictions on abortion, use of military force) B*#Altemeyer Parental Punishment scale$$ `When you were 7-9 years old, around the second to fourth grade, how angry would your father or mother have gotten if they had found out that you: Disobeyed them like going somewhere you were forbidden to go, or something you were forbidden to do? Would they have: Spanked you Taken away privileges Scolded you Expressed disappointment Not punished you@wXwXC+Punitive Political AttitudesThe U.S. should not hesitate to use military force when its national interests are threatened. (Strongly Agree--Strongly Disagree) Some people feel that the death penalty should often be used, others feel it should never be used. How do you feel? (Often be used--Never be used) By law, abortion should never be permitted--By law, a woman should always be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice.p$k vxD,(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) RESULTS: Two significant two-way interactions Punishment by therapy High punishment Ss without therapy more punitive than high punishment Ss with therapy Punishment by gender High punishment males more punitive than low punishment males High punishment females less punitiveTDVdDVdE-!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""F.!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""G/ Punishment by Gender Interaction!!H0 Punishment by Gender Interaction!!I1 Conclusions Childhood punishment is an important variable predicting adult support for punitive public policy This effect is mediated by two important variables: gender and therapy (our measure of denial) J2Limitations of Study 1Limited to undergraduates Effect might result from education (discipline varies by education); uncontrolled since no variability Effect of negative emotion inferred, not measuredK3(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) Study 2: Telephone survey of people living in Eastern Massachusetts using same variables: Punitive political attitudes Gender, Therapy, Childhood Punishment Added covariates: Respondents education Respondents parents education Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability ScalelZC`SC`L4(Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale))j Before voting I thoroughly investigate the qualifications of all the candidates  I have never intensely disliked anyone  No matter who I m talking to, I m always a good listener M5ResultsSame two-way interactions replicated, controlling for respondents education and their parents education, and social desirability *$^N6!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""O7!Punishment by Therapy Interaction""P8 Punishment by Gender Interaction!!Q9 Punishment by Gender Interaction!!R:Results{Significant two-way interactions reflected in pattern of significant three-way interaction: Punishment by Gender by Therapy||S;)Punishment by Therapy Interaction (MALES)**T<+Punishment by Therapy Interaction (FEMALES),,U=(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) Study 2: Experiment embedded in survey Recall/Catharsis Condition: recalled punishment first Control: answered attitude questions first RESULTS: Two significant three-way interactions with Condition`'a 6!a 6V>7Condition by Punishment by Therapy Interaction--CONTROL88W?9Condition by Punishment by Therapy Interaction--TREATMENT::X@6Condition by Punishment by Gender Interaction--CONTROL77YA8Condition by Punishment by Gender Interaction--TREATMENT99ZB(Milburn, Conrad, Sala, & Carberry (1995))) EXPERIMENTAL RESULT: Subjects who recalled punishment were subsequently less supportive of death penalty than subjects who hadn t first recalled their childhood experiences Supports conclusion that emotion from negative childhood experiences plays a role in adult attitudes on punitive public policy, mediated by gender and therapy*77[C4The Cognitive Neuroscience of the Politics of Denial55( George Lakoff, linguist and cognitive neuroscientist at UC Berkeley Moral Politics: Discusses how the  strict father model of parenting affects the way conservatives think (non-consciously) about political issues Neural inhibition from recall of childhood punishment experiences Explanation only makes sense if you acknowledge a link between childhood experiences and political attitudes 2ZD3y\DMilburn and Ezzati (1998) IVs: Same parental punishment, therapy, and gender variables, and measures of emotional experience Spielberger State-Trait anger scale Taylor Manifest Anxiety scale Fenigstein & Scheier Self-awareness scale DV: Altemeyer s RWA scale<clclPc 7   ]E#Spielberger State-Trait Anger Scale$$ Anger Now (How I Feel Right Now)  I am furious  I feel like yelling at somebody  I feel like hitting someone Anger Reactions (When angry or furious& )  I do things like slam doors  I express my anger  I make sarcastic remarks to others T!O)X!O)X^FTaylor Manifest Anxiety Scale I am often sick to my stomach  I often find myself worrying about something  At times I lose sleep over worry rr_G)Fenigstein & Scheier Self-awareness scale**$ FIntrospection  I am always trying to figure myself out  I m generally attentive to my inner feelings  I reflect about myself a lot Public presentation  I m concerned about the way I present myself  I usually worry about making a good impression  I m self-conscious about the way I look Txx`HResultsAnger, anxiety, and self-awareness are significant predictors of authoritarianism Replicated the 3-way interaction of gender, punishment, and therapy found earlier with punitive political attitudesaI-Emotion, Self-awareness, and Authoritarianism..bJPunishment by Therapy (Males)cKPunishment by Therapy (Females)  Conclusion8Emotion from childhood mistreatment doesn t just go away--it can remain and distort the public policy process--through the process of emotional displacement/`+defghijklmnopqrs t!u"v#w$x%y&z'{(|)}*~+,-./01234567}  0 $(  r  S | k  `}  k  r  S T k  ` k  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.0,+D='  = @B +rZ/7C6EwRoot EntrydO)p4Pictures<Current User,SummaryInformation(JEa      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDYFGHIKLMNOPQRSTZ[\_`bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{}~  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFG_EuseruserburnOh+'0 `h  Personality and Politicsmilburnmilburn19Microsoft PowerPoint@"=@p0@$Gg  +  y--$x