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<strong>Greater Expanse of All Ocean Water Mass</strong></U></B> - Vertical Circulation<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Antarctic to Sub Artic - ABW<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">- coldest and deepest H2O in Ocean<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Antarctic Surface H2O<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Between 40 degrees south and Antarctica<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">60 - 80 meters in Atlantic to 150 mm in Pacific<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Seasonal Range)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Water Mass Defined by Temperature, Pressure &amp; Salinity<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Temperature at 1.8 C to 3.5 C<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Salinity:       33% 34.7%<FONT size="+1"> <br>
<FONT size="+1" color="#000000"></B>(Difiers in Atlantic &amp; Pacific)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Circumpolar Mass - Belt<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">500 - 600 in deep - (surface H20)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">.5 C @ 34.7 salinity<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Differs in Atlantic and Pacific. Much mixing of this ?0 in both salinity and 02<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">AIW (Antarctic Intermediate ?0 less dense than ABW)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(ABW-North of Antarctic Convergence (photo convergence)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">West Wind Drift by product<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Temperature at 1.9 C at 34.62<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Medl-hO - Warm and Salinty<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">13 C at 37.0 saline (why?)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Much mixing in straits of Gibraltar<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">H20 is Saline - off of Rub - Al - Kali<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">NA DW North Atlantic Drift (Current) is the cause<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">NA BW not found in Pacific<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(No cold current ofBeiring sea)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Water Masses are dependent upon Salinity, Temperature,<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">And Pressure if-<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">NA Central IhO (30-40 degrees North)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Temperature = 8 degrees Celsius at 35 Salinity<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Temperature = 19 degrees Celsius at 36.7 Saline<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">South of Greenland &amp; Iceland to Cape Hatteras &amp; Bay of Biscay<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Formed in N/A (interaction with the atmosphere)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">H20 sink in density slope<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Thickness oflense proportionate to width of currents (900m thick)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">In Saragasso Sea (200m to 900m)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Seasonal Convergence<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">South American Central HzO (30 - 40 degrees south)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Temperature 6 degrees Celsius at 34.5 Salinity<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Temperature 18 degrees Celsius at 36.0 Salinity<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Greater Landmass in North than Southern Hemisphere)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Argentina to Angola<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Because ofIfcO Temperature found as far north as 5 degrees north)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Thickness of == 600 miles (max)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Wider in east northwest in west Antarctica convergence<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Ocean Circulation<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">a. Base surface circulation of oceans is wind driven ocean currents roughly<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">conforming to planetary wind and wind circulation<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">b. Ocean circulation is circular or gyral shaped in all major oceans<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">c. Gyre may take a figure 8 form<FONT size="+1"> 
<FONT size="+1" color="#000000"></B>d. Ocean surface current has thermal properties derived from winds<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">generating the current<FONT size="+1">