oceanography pg9.html

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Mid Ocean Ridges - in all Ocean Basins </U></P
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></B>Fracture Zones of Pacific Northwest<FONT size="+1"><br>
1600 to 3300 miles (60 miles wide)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Fracture zones)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Sea Mountains &amp; Volcanoes<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">H20 500 fathoms deeper south of Fracture Zone<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Coral Reefs:</U></B> Tropical Regions,<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Calcareous plants and animals<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">6000 miles in Pacific Northwest to Southeast<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">15 00 miles under<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Outside of Pacific Sejchilles/Maldive<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Bermuda in the Atlantic Ocean<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Relatively low elevation<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Lagoon &amp; atoll assoriaton<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Fishing areas<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Types of Reefs: </U></P
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></B>(1) Fringing<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Barrier<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(3) Atoll<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(4) Table<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(5) Oval reef inside Atoll<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Fringing reefs:</U></B> border islands coasts (Hawaii - 1 mile under)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Channel from land - can be deep (channel/ parts of fringing reef in more instances<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">- graves well and quickly because of salinity.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Atoll: reef encloses Island (example: Eniwitok)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Ring around irregular shaped)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Table Reef:</U></B> shallow - hazard to navigation (Washington Island near Hawaii)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">North of Equator<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Oval reef:</U></B> needs good from atoll (patch reef, knoll or)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Great Barrier Reef of Australia:</U></B> 1500 * 100 / Largest in the Word<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Darwin Submerging Coast vs. Daly Glacier<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Charles Darwin</U></B> - Beagle Voyage 1835 subsiding volcano uphill coral<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Characteristics of Coral Reefs: </U></P
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></B>(1) Rocky mound: platforms or ridges<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Slightly elevated<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(3) Coral mass skeletons<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(4) Branching coral holds it all together<FONT size="+1"> <br>
<FONT size="+1" color="#000000"></B>(5) Lime sheering plateau<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(6) Lithothomium (encrusting Algae)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(7) Coral Reef is not solid<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(8) Boring Organism (mollusk, ect.) can destroy reef<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>For Coral Reef to Survive: </U></P
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></B>(1) Minimum temperature 61-65 degrees F<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Max temperature 96 degrees F<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(3) Depth Max 150 feet (some (few to) 580 feet)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(4) Saline H2O: 27 to 40 pph<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(5) Mud clear H20<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(6) Wenduard Islands have better coral growth