oceanography pg5.html

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<FONT size="+1">Origins of Ocean Basins </U></P
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></B>Point of departure is the molten earth (spherical) &amp; <U><B>Soliquous</U></B> state (plastic) 4th state of<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">matter.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(1) <U><B>Baked applied theory</U>:</B> Contracting Earth hot to cool - skin contracts and breaks<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">forming uplift &amp; depression (Mountains &amp; Valleys)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) <U><B>Earth Cool &amp; Gets Hotter: </U></B>heat causes plateaus to up thrust &quot;thickest part of the<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">US under Black Hills of Dakotas &amp; not under the Rocky Mountains<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(3) <U><B>Expanding Earth:</U></B> more heat and less gravity pull - tension causes breaks and the<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">more heat equals more splits<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(4) <B>Convection Current:</B> Bottom of the mantle more pliable and hotter than upper<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Regions = heat sources is radio active (4 cells 2N + 2S Hemisphere Heat flows to<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">the surface - cooler under the continents than under the oceans (MOHO<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">concepts))<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>MOHO mantle and crust:<br>
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  <strong><B></strong>Mid Atlantic Ridge (12.000 feet High) </U>
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><U>High use thru Mono</U></B>: Surface<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Crumbles:</U></B> new outer layer<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Skin and Valley:</U></B> High points from ridges &amp; rises<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">1/50 inch per year movement. This movement can explain the continental drift a<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Gondwanaland Hypothesis of One continent.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">The Pacific Basin is getting smaller if Atlantic pulling apart coastal mountains crumbling<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">in California.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(Steep planes on sub cause this)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Hot Spots</U></B> <U><B>(1)</U></B> Easter Islands reef (1200 miles in diameter)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">                   <B> <U>(2)</U></B> Hawaii Islands<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Magnetic orientation of geo surfaces Paufer shows 700-mile slippage in the zones of the<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Pacific.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Sema (Silicon &amp; Plastic) in motion<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">A Geological View of Cape Cod<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">National History Press<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Gande City<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">New York<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Musem of National History<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">1966<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Arthur N.Stackler<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Depth of H20 Ocean Basin is dependent upon: </U></P
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></B>(1) Druonal tidal waves fluctuation (see later)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Glacial conditions (4 gradual ice ages) (11/2 million years ago)<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Wisconsin glacier ?0 level 330 feet in North East according to CH dating of paliobotany<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">fossils - increase in H2O level at 40 feet per 100 years. Sea level utilized in approximately<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">850 years.<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">The question is are we at the end of one ice age or the beginning of another<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">If icecaps melts then increase in sea level of 300 feet (Iceland &amp; Greenland) added<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">weight causes ocean basin to sink and land to rise if Antarctica melted add 400 feet 300 +<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">400 feet = 700 feet increases in sea level<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Continental Shelf</U></B>:<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">Sediment Rock<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(1) Geology<FONT size="+1"> </P
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><FONT size="+1">(2) Navigation Problems/Aids<FONT size="+1"> </P
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(3) Fishing Areas</SPAN
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>In 1946 US took over mineral rights to continental shelf</SPAN
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>Defined as shallow H2O out to 100 fathoms wave (approximately 200 miles) 600 feet</SPAN
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>In 1953 International Committee on nomendature of Ocean Bottoms defined shelf as</SPAN
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>&quot;zone around continents extending from low ?0 line to a depth at which there is a</SPAN
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>marked increase of slope to grater depth&quot;</SPAN
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>(Slope = Continual slope)</SPAN
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>UNESCO suggests 600 or 200 fathoms</SPAN
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