oceanography pg5.html
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<FONT size="+1">Origins of Ocean Basins </U></P ><P align="justify" ></B>Point of departure is the molten earth (spherical) & <U><B>Soliquous</U></B> state (plastic) 4th state of<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">matter.<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">(1) <U><B>Baked applied theory</U>:</B> Contracting Earth hot to cool - skin contracts and breaks<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">forming uplift & depression (Mountains & Valleys)<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">(2) <U><B>Earth Cool & Gets Hotter: </U></B>heat causes plateaus to up thrust "thickest part of the<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">US under Black Hills of Dakotas & not under the Rocky Mountains<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">(3) <U><B>Expanding Earth:</U></B> more heat and less gravity pull - tension causes breaks and the<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">more heat equals more splits<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">(4) <B>Convection Current:</B> Bottom of the mantle more pliable and hotter than upper<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Regions = heat sources is radio active (4 cells 2N + 2S Hemisphere Heat flows to<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">the surface - cooler under the continents than under the oceans (MOHO<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">concepts))<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><U><FONT size="+1"><B>MOHO mantle and crust:<br> <br> </U><br> <strong><B></strong>Mid Atlantic Ridge (12.000 feet High) </U> </P > </P > <P align="justify" ><U>High use thru Mono</U></B>: Surface<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Crumbles:</U></B> new outer layer<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Skin and Valley:</U></B> High points from ridges & rises<FONT size="+1"> </P > <P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">1/50 inch per year movement. This movement can explain the continental drift a<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Gondwanaland Hypothesis of One continent.<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">The Pacific Basin is getting smaller if Atlantic pulling apart coastal mountains crumbling<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">in California.<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">(Steep planes on sub cause this)<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Hot Spots</U></B> <U><B>(1)</U></B> Easter Islands reef (1200 miles in diameter)<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1"> <B> <U>(2)</U></B> Hawaii Islands<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Magnetic orientation of geo surfaces Paufer shows 700-mile slippage in the zones of the<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Pacific.<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Sema (Silicon & Plastic) in motion<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">A Geological View of Cape Cod<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">National History Press<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Gande City<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">New York<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Musem of National History<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">1966<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Arthur N.Stackler<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Depth of H20 Ocean Basin is dependent upon: </U></P ><P align="justify" ></B>(1) Druonal tidal waves fluctuation (see later)<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">(2) Glacial conditions (4 gradual ice ages) (11/2 million years ago)<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Wisconsin glacier ?0 level 330 feet in North East according to CH dating of paliobotany<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">fossils - increase in H2O level at 40 feet per 100 years. Sea level utilized in approximately<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">850 years.<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">The question is are we at the end of one ice age or the beginning of another<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">If icecaps melts then increase in sea level of 300 feet (Iceland & Greenland) added<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">weight causes ocean basin to sink and land to rise if Antarctica melted add 400 feet 300 +<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">400 feet = 700 feet increases in sea level<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><U><FONT size="+1"><B>Continental Shelf</U></B>:<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">Sediment Rock<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">(1) Geology<FONT size="+1"> </P ><P align="justify" ><FONT size="+1">(2) Navigation Problems/Aids<FONT size="+1"> </P ></DIV ></DIV > (3) Fishing Areas</SPAN ><SPAN style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000" > </SPAN ></P> <P style="margin-left:5px"> <SPAN style="color:#000000" >In 1946 US took over mineral rights to continental shelf</SPAN ><SPAN style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000" > </SPAN ></P> <P style="margin-left:5px"> <SPAN style="color:#000000" >Defined as shallow H2O out to 100 fathoms wave (approximately 200 miles) 600 feet</SPAN ><SPAN style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000" > </SPAN ></P> <P style="margin-top:9px; margin-left:5px"> <SPAN style="color:#000000" >In 1953 International Committee on nomendature of Ocean Bottoms defined shelf as</SPAN ><SPAN style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000" > </SPAN ></P> <P style="margin-top:3px; margin-left:5px"> <SPAN style="color:#000000" >"zone around continents extending from low ?0 line to a depth at which there is a</SPAN ><SPAN style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000" > </SPAN ></P> <P style="margin-left:5px"> <SPAN style="color:#000000" >marked increase of slope to grater depth"</SPAN ><SPAN style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000" > </SPAN ></P> <P style="margin-left:5px"> <SPAN style="color:#000000" >(Slope = Continual slope)</SPAN ><SPAN style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000" > </SPAN ></P> <P style="margin-left:5px"> <SPAN style="color:#000000" >UNESCO suggests 600 or 200 fathoms</SPAN ><SPAN style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000" > </SPAN >
Copyright 2014,
John Looney.
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rsadoo. (Aug 10, 2009). oceanography pg5.html. Retrieved Nov 06, 2014, from UMass Boston OpenCourseware Web site: http://ocw.umb.edu/environmental-earth-and-ocean-sciences/eeos-226-introductory-oceanography-e-g-sci/oceanography%20pg5.html.